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Melamine is an important material in the plastics industry and is produced by the condensation of melamine with methanol and other compounds of thermosetting resins. Melamine is an organic base and a trimer of cyanamide with a 1,3,5-triazine skeleton. Like cyanamide, it contains 67% nitrogen in solid form, and when mixed with resins, it has flame-retardant properties due to the release of nitrogen gas during burning or bonding, along with several other industrial applications. Melamine is also a metabolite of cyromazine, a pesticide.

Melamine reacts with formaldehyde to produce melamine resin, a highly heat-resistant plastic used in Formica, melamine cutlery, laminate flooring, and dry-erase boards.